Mock模拟测试

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简介

mock测试就是在测试过程中，对于某些不容易构造或者不容易获取的对象，用一个虚拟的对象来创建以便测试的测试方法。而在java中mock工具有很多例如Mockito、EasyMock、PowerMock，我们这里主要介绍Mockito。

示例

  1. pom包：

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    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
        <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
        <version>1.9.5</version>
    </dependency>

  2. Java代码中的实际调用关系

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    public interface AirTravelDubboService {
    	public AirTravelRes airTravel(AirTravelReq req);
    }

    public class AirTravelDubboServiceImpl implements AirTravelDubboService {
    	@Autowired
    	private A0032Service a0032Service;
    	
    	public AirTravelRes airTravel(AirTravelReq req){
    		AirTravelRes res = new AirTravelRes();
    		// xxx 业务代码
    		a0032Service.flight(data);
    		// xxx 业务代码
    		return res;
    	}
    }

    public interface A0032Service {
    	public boolean flight(RouteData data,List<String> list);
    }

    @Service
    public class A0032ServiceImpl implements A0032Service{

    	//RPC 远程服务
    	@Autowired
    	private FlightInfoDubboService flightInfoDubboService;
    	
    	public boolean flight(RouteData data,List<String> list){
    		//xxx业务代码
     		FlightInfoA0032Resp resp = flightInfoDubboService.flightInfo(req);
    		//xxx业务代码
    	}
    }

该样例使用的是两个dubbo服务之间的调用。AirTravelDubboService服务通过A0032Service接口调用flightInfoDubboService远程服务

  1. Junit中进行模拟测试
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    @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
    public class AirTravelDubboTest extends BaseTest {

    	@Autowired
    	private AirTravelDubboService airTravelDubboService;

    	@Autowired
    	private A0032Service a0032Service;
    	
    	@Mock
    	private FlightInfoDubboService mockApiService;

    	@Before
    	public void TestBefore() {
    		MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
    		FlightInfoA0032Resp resp = new FlightInfoA0032Resp();
    		resp.setThirdCode("200");
    		resp.setResult("交易成功");
    		//设置a0032Service接口实现类里面的flightInfoDubboService属性为mockApiService对象。（进行属性注入）
    		ReflectionTestUtils.setField(a0032Service, "flightInfoDubboService", mockApiService);
    		when(mockApiService.flightInfo(any(RouteBean.class),anyList())).thenReturn(resp);
    //		doCallRealMethod().when(a0032Service).flight();
    	}

    	@Test
    	public void Test1() {
    		AirTravelReq req = new AirTravelReq();
    		req.setAAA("xxxxxxxx");
    		req.setBBB("xxxxx");
    		AirTravelRes res = airTravelDubboService.airTravel(req);
    		//该测试类启用后，a0032Service接口中的FlightInfoDubboService远程服务返回的数据就是{thirdCode:200,result:"交易成功"}。
    	}
    }
mockito 常用方法
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//mockApiService服务输入任意值都返回模拟结果
when(mockApiService.flightInfo(any(RouteBean.class),anyList())).thenReturn(resp);
//mockApiService服务输入任意值都返回null
when(mockApiService.flightInfo(any(RouteBean.class),anyList())).thenReturn(null);
//mockApiService服务输入任意值都抛出异常
doThrow(new RuntimeException()).when(mockApiService.flightInfo(any(FlightInfoA0032Req.class),any(RouteBean.class)));
//a0032Service接口部分方法使用真实调用
doCallRealMethod().when(a0032Service).flight(data)